They found each 10% increase in body mass index (BMI) - used as an indicator of body fat - led to a 4% decrease in available vitamin D in the body.
Since vitamin D is stored in the fatty tissue, the authors suggest a greater storage capacity in obese people can avoid circulating in the bloodstream.
The BMI is calculated as weight (in kg) divided by height (in meters) squared. People with a BMI of 30 or more is considered obese.
Lead author Dr. Elina Hypponen of the University College London Institute of Child Health, said the study "underlines the importance of monitoring and treatment of vitamin D deficiency in people who are overweight or obese."
Vitamin D is produced in the skin after exposure to sunlight and can be taken in supplements.
Sound levels are approximately 50 nanomoles per liter - less than 30 nanomoles per liter can cause softening and weakening of the bones, leading to rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults.
Professor David Haslam of the National Obesity Forum, said: "food intake and genetics play a role in obesity - but this research is a reminder that physical activity, like walking the dog or going out of the race in sunlight, should 't forget and can help correct the weight and lack of vitamin D "
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